Nitric acid weighing 126 g interacts with benzene weighing 234 g, find the mass of the resulting nitrobenzene.

Let us write the equation for the reaction of benzene nitration:

C6H6 + HNO3 (H2SO4, t) = C6H5NO2 + H2O

Let’s find the amount of benzene substance:

v (C6H6) = m (C6H6) / M (C6H6) = 234/78 = 3 (mol).

Let’s find the amount of nitric acid substance:

v (HNO3) = m (HNO3) / M (HNO3) = 126/63 = 2 (mol).

According to the reaction equation, 1 mol of C6H6 reacts with 1 mol of HNO3, so benzene is taken in excess – we are calculating using nitric acid. At 100% yield of the reaction product:

v (C6H5NO2) = v (HNO3) = 2 (mol).

Thus, the mass of the obtained nitrobenzene:

m (C6H5NO2) = v (C6H5NO2) * M (C6H5NO2) = 2 * 123 = 246 (g).

Answer: 246 g.