Prove that the policy of Nicholas I was reactionary.

Under him, censorship intensified (the cast-iron charter of 1826).
The power of the tsar was strengthening (His Imperial Majesty’s own Chancellery.
Nicholas I took autonomy away from universities.
There was a persecution of dissidents (the case with Petrashevists) thanks to the appearance of gendarmes (headed by Benckendorf).
1933 – The theory of the official nationality, which proclaimed the principles of autocracy, the Orthodox faith and nationality.
All these measures carried out by Nicholas 1 indicate that his policy was reactionary.



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