Qualitative reactions to acids
A qualitative reaction to hydrochloric acid and its salt is a reaction with silver nitrate, as a result of which a white precipitate forms, it does not dissolve in water and acids:
HCI + AgNO3 → AgCI ↓ + HNO3
A qualitative reaction to sulfuric acid and its salts is the reaction with barium salts, as a result of which a white precipitate forms, which does not dissolve either in water or in concentrated acid, for example:
H2SO4 + BaCI2 → BaSO4 ↓ + 2HCI
High-quality reagent for nitric acid and its salts – copper shavings, conc. sulfuric acid (brown gas evolution of nitrogen oxide (IV) NO2 indicates the presence of nitrate ions NO3):
NaNO3 + H2SO4 → NaHSO4 + HNO3
4 HNO3 + Cu t → Cu (NO3) 2 + 2NO2 ↑ + 2H2O
Carbonic acid and the presence of carbonate ions СО3 can be determined with the help of a litmus test: in an aqueous solution of carbonic acid, a blue litmus paper becomes pink rather than red.
