Refute the process of modernization in Russia in the first half of the 19th century

In the 19th century, the modernization process was purely nominal. And an example of this was the defeat in the Crimean War, which showed a complete cooling of Russian industry and Russian technologies from those possessed by European countries. So the wooden fleet of Russia could not fight with the steam fleet of the Europeans. And the absence of railways, which had already appeared in the same Germany or in the same England, prevented the rapid transfer of aid and reinforcements. There were no big businesses. And most importantly, serfdom was not abolished.



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