Steps towards the unification of Italy and Germany.
Stages of the unification of Italy
1) The reaction is the suppression of national revolutions, and the strengthening of Austro-French domination in the Apennine Peninsula. Formation of the republican and moderate wings of the national movement. Strengthening the Kingdom of Sardinia-Pienmont. (1849-1859).
2) Austro-Italian-French war – the annexation of the territories of Milan and Central Italy to the Sardinian Kingdom. End of Habsburg influence in Italy (1859-1860).
3) Conquest of the Kingdom of Sicily and the announcement of the creation of the Italian State (1860-1861).
4) Austro-Prussian-Italian war – the annexation of the Austrian kingdom of Venice to Italy (1866)
5) Italian troops occupy Rome (1870).
Stages of German unification
1) Danish-Prussian War – the annexation of Schlesivig-Holstein to the Prussian Kingdom (1864).
2) Austro-Prussian-Italian war – dissolution of the pro-Austrian German Union (1866).
3) North German Confederation (1867-1870).
4) Franco-Prussian War – Annexation of Edzas-Lorraine. Formation of the German Empire (1870-1871).