The basket contains 8 black and 8 white balls. How much information is conveyed by the message that a white ball

The basket contains 8 black and 8 white balls. How much information is conveyed by the message that a white ball was taken out of the basket.

Let’s find the probability that the white ball will be reached:
P (B) = 8/16 = 1/2.
Next, we use Shannon’s formula:
1 / p = 2i. Here i is the amount of information we are looking for. Let’s take it out of here:
i = log2 (1 / p) = log2 (2) = 1.
Answer: 1 bit of information will bring a message that the white ball has been removed from the basket.