The centers of unification of Italy and Germany.

The center of the unification of Italy was the Kingdom of Sardinia, and the center of the unification of Germany was Prussia. So in 1870, as a result of a long struggle, the Italian lands were united, in connection with which Italy was turned into an independent state. In 1871, the final unification of the Germanic lands took place under the leadership of Bismarck. It was in that year that Prussia was able to defeat France and recapture Alsace and Lorraine from her. Thus, at that time, Germany became one of the most militarily powerful countries in Europe.