The goals of education in Byzantium, the Caliphate countries and Western Europe.

The Byzantine Empire was a powerful and developed state, so education, for that time, was at a very high level. Schools were developed in the empire, the literacy level was very high. The state had a regional administration system, trade was developed, ministers and officials worked. To maintain such a system, it was impossible to do without literate people.

The Arab Caliphate understood that in order to compete with Byzantium, it was necessary to develop science and trade, and not just military affairs. Therefore, there is also a high literacy rate.

In Europe, at that time, proper attention was not paid to education, even most of the feudal lords, not to mention the peasants, were not literate, the monks were the most literate.