The railway station has 16 train departures. You have been informed that your train is arriving on track eight.

The railway station has 16 train departures. You have been informed that your train is arriving on track eight. How much information did you get?

In our case, the amount of information can be calculated using the formula:
N = 2 ^ i;
where N is the number of possible events,
i is the amount of information in bits.
Since the choice of one path from the available 16 is equally probable, the number of possible events is 16.
N = 16, i =?
N = 2 ^ i; 16 = 2 ^ 4;
i = 4 bits;
Answer: 4 bits.