The struggle of the Russian lands against foreign invasions in the 13th century.

The greatest shock for the Russian principalities of the 13th century was the invasion of the Mongol – Tatar hordes. Despite desperate resistance, the Mongols managed to inflict several serious defeats on the Russian troops, take cities and conquer territories, imposing tribute. The reason for this was that the Russian princes did not unite, there was no single command.

The European knights were also in danger. In 1240, the Swedes entered the mouth of the Neva, seeking to seize the territory. They were defeated by Prince Alexander, who received the nickname Nevsky.

In 1242 the German knights were defeated.