Tundra soil formation conditions.

Typical tundra soils are tundra-gley soils. They have an underdeveloped profile, disturbed horizons, humus spots. They are characterized by waterlogging, accumulation of iron oxide, they are structureless and extremely infertile. The reasons lie in the educational environment. Winter lasts most of the year in the tundra, and soil formation takes place in short summer. Scarce litter is formed by shrubs and mosses. Water stagnates in the soil due to low evaporation and the proximity of permafrost. Excess moisture and low soil temperature do not contribute to the decomposition of litter and the accumulation of humus. Gly accumulates in the soil – iron oxide, which gives the soil a bluish color. In the cold season, the surface of the tundra is freezing. Polygonal soils, frost cracks, heaving mounds are formed. When the soil thaws, they begin to flow down the slopes. All these processes disturb the soil horizons, the profile is not formed.