What adaptations to life in high altitude conditions do plants have?

The following adaptations to life can be observed in alpine plants:
1. Protective covers in the form of pubescence, waxy coatings, etc.
2. Various types of leaves: ericoid, lingonberry, cupressoid, mesomorphic, succulent, graminoid leaf type. An important role is also played by the total leaf surface area and the nature of the distribution of leaves along the shoot.
3. Xeromorphism
4. Succulence serves to regulate water balance (accumulate moisture and limit its loss).
5. Psychromorphism allows plants to survive temperature changes, and also increases the sucking power at the roots.
6. Crowding of leaves (formation of a favorable nanoclimate).
7. A dense cover of densely pubescent scales to protect wintering buds, or protect the buds by keeping them under a thin layer of earth.
8. Protection of the generative organs of the plant with upper leaves with bracts, as well as the creation of heating from the leaves for flowers.
9. Miniaturization, which made it possible for plants to use different shelters.
10. Plagiotropy, which led to stanza life.
11. Geophitization associated with the contractile root system.
12. Simplification of non-photosynthetic aerial organs.
13. Predominantly underground phytomass.
14. Plants that grow on talus are characterized by adaptive ability to survive with constant mechanical damage.



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