What are the common features of the various forms of speciation?

There are two forms of speciation:
a) Geographic speciation – due to the increase in the range of the species, its populations meet with different climatic conditions, new animals and microorganisms. Because of this, a hereditary change occurs, there is a struggle for survival, the so-called natural selection. Initially, this leads to microevolution, but in the future it may become the beginning of the emergence of a new species.
b) Ecological speciation – when animals are in the same habitat, but in different living conditions.