What are the main directions of evolution? Give examples of each.

The main directions of evolution:
Aromorphoses: in animals – the appearance of viviparity, the ability to maintain a constant body temperature, the emergence of a closed circulatory system, in plants – the appearance of a flower, vascular system, the ability to maintain and regulate gas exchange in leaves.
Idioadaptation: protective coloration of animals or adaptation of some fish (flounder, catfish) to life at the bottom – flattening of the body, coloring to match the color of the ground, development of antennae, etc.; adaptations to flight in some mammalian species (bats, flying squirrels). In plants, adaptations to cross-pollination of a flower by insects or wind, adaptations to dispersing seeds.
Degeneration: parasites develop specific (often very sophisticated) adaptations to the living conditions inside the host. In parasitic worms, suckers, hooks appear, and reproductive organs are significantly developed. The pork tapeworm, tapeworms and other worms have no intestines, the nervous system is poorly developed, and there is no ability to move. In parasitic plants (dodder) – the absence of vegetative organs (leaf), instead of roots – suckers.