What are the main features of the biosphere as a global ecosystem?

The biosphere is a giant biogeocenosis, which exists due to the close interconnection of all its structural components, is an integral and stable system that has passed a long path of historical development. The biosphere is the shell of the Earth where life exists or has ever existed, and which is or has been exposed to living organisms. Individual organisms in certain areas form populations, populations of different species are combined into biocenoses. Biocenoses and inanimate environmental factors form biogeocenoses or ecosystems. Each ecosystem borders on another ecosystem, there is an exchange of matter and energy. All ecosystems of the Earth are united by the circulation of substances and the flow of energy and form a single global ecosystem, which is called the biosphere.