What are the main features of the distribution of the population around the globe? Give examples.

The population density at the poles is much lower due to the unfavorable climate. Basically, on the continents, more population accumulates closer to the seas / oceans and does not move inland. Firstly, this is due to the growing continentality and the inherent worsening of the climate, and secondly, the seas / oceans have better opportunities for trade.
An example is the continent of Eurasia: the northern and central parts of the continent are practically devoid of population (less than 1 person per km²), when the territory surrounding the Mediterranean, Baltic and Barents Seas can boast of a fairly high population density.