What are the main reasons for the backwardness of the East in the first half of the 20th century?

In the countries of the East, later than in Europe, the processes of urbanization, industrialization, industrial revolution and other processes characteristic of the New Time began. They were hampered by a number of factors: territory (remoteness from trade routes between the New World and Western Europe), conservatism of the ruling elite (China until the middle of the 19th century resisted reforms in the image of advanced countries, Korea even longer, Japan lived in self-isolation until 1854, in Turkey until 1826 there were janissaries – troops created in the XIV century). There was no bourgeoisie, as, for example, in the Netherlands and England, where the first revolutions took place in the 16th-17th centuries.