What are the reasons for the diversity of peoples living in Africa?

The great diversity of the peoples of Africa is dictated only by the geographical position of the continent. The closer to Europe, the more civilized peoples live. It all depends on how much this or that nation has integrated with Europe. Some countries were colonies, and therefore more developed than those peoples who for centuries led a closed tribal way of life. In addition, the population is not evenly distributed, the reason for this is that everyone is trying to settle near the water.