What are the reasons for the failures of the Red Army during the initial war?

At the initial stage of the war, Soviet soldiers suffered heavy losses. Many of them were surrounded or captured, a huge number were immediately killed. There were several reasons for this. Germany’s attack on the USSR was unexpected for the Soviet authorities, so the border lines were not ready for defense. Also, in the first hours of a surprise offensive, the Germans purposefully destroyed Soviet military equipment. In addition, there was a shortage of command personnel in the army. many officers were killed during the Stalinist repressions.