What changes have occurred in the economic structure of Rome?

By the end of the 2nd century, the Mediterranean climate had changed. Fertile lands in North Africa turned into deserts, cold snaps in Italy, Spain and Gaul ruined crops. Peasant uprisings, civil war, famine, plague epidemics began. Because of this, trade has collapsed.

The emperors who succeeded each other were from the army environment and did not know much about the introduction of agriculture. To maintain their power, they endowed veteran legionnaires and people around them with land plots. The new owners of the lands gave land to the slaves in exchange for a third of their harvest and corvee within two weeks. Poor townspeople also rented land plots to feed themselves. The situation of free citizens was equal to that of slaves.