What determines the distribution of heat on Earth?

The Sun is the source of heat and light on planet Earth. When the Earth rotates around the Sun, the seasons change, and around its axis, the day and night change. The Earth receives heat from the Sun only during the day and heats up unevenly, which can be explained by the spherical shape of the earth’s surface, the fall of the sun’s rays on the Earth occurs at a different angle (the smaller the angle, the less heating). Also, the degree of heating of the Earth’s surface is influenced by the fact that the Earth’s axis is tilted to the orbital plane.

There are 5 belts of illumination on Earth: the polar ones receive a minimum of light and heat, the temperate belts are slightly larger, and the tropical is the hottest.

Conclusion: uneven heating is influenced by the round shape and tilt of the axis.