What determines the spatial structure of the biocenosis?

A biocenosis is a union of all living organisms and plants that live in one space. The spatial structure of the biocenosis can be determined by the ratio of individuals of different species to each other, their location in two directions – horizontal and vertical. The vertical structure depends on the height of the plants and trees in the biotope. This ratio of plant heights is called layering and has a positive effect on the productivity of each plant (regime, humidity, light). The horizontal structure is determined by the heterogeneity of the soil relief (mosaicism). Due to the mosaic structure, the species composition and fertility are actively increasing in the biocenosis.