What discoveries were made during the search for a way to Asia?

Since ancient times, European sailors have sought to find a way to India, China, and Japan. They sought to find new markets for the states, which the Europeans meant. But by mistake they managed to discover other lands. So, for example, Bartelomeo Dias from Portugal went in search of Asia, and came across South Africa. Christopher Columbus in the 16th century sought to find a way to India in order to expand colonial possessions, but he sailed to North America. Russian traveler Afanasy Nikitin discovered India earlier than Vasco da Gama.