What helps insects find members of their own species?

Some insect species find each other through songs (crickets, grasshoppers). But the beetles – grinders evenly knock their heads on the passages that were laid in the logs and the females hear this “ticking”. Firefly beetles are guided by the light they emit. But most often insects recognize each other by smell before the mating ritual. Females secrete pheromones, the smell of which males can hear at a great distance (after 11 km in some species of butterflies). Pheromones can also be secreted by males (cabbage butterflies, turnip, rutabella).