What is called the dipole moment? Which of the HC1, HBr, HJ molecules has the greatest dipole moment? Why?

The dipole moment is an electrical, vector quantity that characterizes the asymmetry of the distribution of positive and negative charges in an electrical, neutral system, that is, the asymmetric distribution of electron density in a molecule. Molecules have dipole moments equal: НC1 = 1.95 D; HBr = 0.79 D, HI = 0.40 D. The HC1 molecule has the largest dipole moment. At the hydrogen end of such a molecule there is a certain excess of positive charges, and at the end with chlorine there is a corresponding excess of negative charges.