What is the difference in modernization processes in countries belonging to different echelons of modernization?

There are two echelons in the development of capitalism. The first includes European states and the United States. They embarked on the path of modernization much earlier than the Asian states. The countries of the first echelon developed faster and more intensively. For the countries of the second echelon, the type of economic development was catching up. They embarked on the path of modernization later, but by the end of the 19th century they almost caught up with the rest in terms of production. Russia belongs to the second group. Its development was hampered by serfdom and autocracy.