What is the essence of the state and why did people create this form of coexistence?

The first states emerged around 3000 BC. These include: Egypt, China, Sumer, Akkad, India, etc. In those days, society reached the stage of development when large tribes or peoples were united in one territory, a single center of an entire culture was formed and one ruler was elected. This is how states emerged. The states had their own borders, separate areas with centers, there was a ruler, there was an army, trade and agriculture developed. All these spheres of life are very important for the formation of the state. The state helped not only to control various spheres of public life, but also to protect the rights of people, and to repulse an external enemy.