What is the impact of environmental conditions on the root system of plants?

The development of the root system largely depends on the growing conditions of the plant, in particular on the density of the soil and the depth of groundwater.
Desert plants have very long roots because the groundwater is deep. Due to the permafrost in the tundra, the roots of plants are located at the surface. In a pine growing in a swamp, the bark system is superficial, and the roots of a pine growing on the sand go to a considerable depth.