What is the reason for the development of education in the first half of the 19th century?

In the first half of the 19th century, there was an upsurge in the field of culture, which was called the “Golden Age”. There was an upsurge due to the development of science, anatomy (for drawing), and an increase in the quality of education. The first signs of capitalism required literate people. Schools and gymnasiums were built in cities and districts. At the beginning of the 19th century, institutes were opened in St. Petersburg and Kazan.