What is the result of prolonged exposure to cold receptors of the skin?

There are no “cold” receptors. They are called thermoreceptors. They are responsible for analyzing ambient temperature and regulating body temperature. If a cold temperature acts on them, then we will feel it and the body will try to warm up. But if severe frost acts on the skin for much longer, then the receptors will stop working. The skin will be frostbite. People often have heart attacks from extreme cold. Frostbite can be cured, but not in all cases.