What is the role of climate and living organisms in soil formation?

In cold climates, the soil freezes, and rotting does not occur, and from this the soil becomes poorer. This leads to a deterioration in the assimilation of substances. In hot and temperate climates and an abundance of moisture, fallen leaves and dead plants rot quickly, from which many useful elements enter the ground. Herbivorous herds eat fresh vegetation, and their excrement enriches the soil. Bacteria and fungi, as well as worms, decompose dead plants, accelerating the flow of various nutrients into the soil.