What is the role of living organisms in soil formation?

Inhabitants of the soil determine chemical, physical and biological properties. Aeration and inflow of solutions of minerals and salts are provided by the roots of higher plants. Also, the underground parts of plants supply the soil with organic matter. The source of organic matter is also excrement, dead residues. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria with cyanobacteria have the ability to retain atmospheric nitrogen (it increases fertility). Earthworms and moles loosen the soil when they make tunnels in the soil. Invertebrates, fungi and bacteria destroy organic compounds. When organic residues come into contact with the soil, they form a litter, in which mineralization occurs with the help of fungi, bacteria, worms, as well as small arthropods.