What is the significance of research in the polar regions of our planet for modern science?

Research in the polar regions of our planet is of great importance for modern science:
In these places there are deposits of minerals (for example, iron, coal, various non-ferrous metals), so research there is of a practical nature.
New technologies and equipment are being tested there that we would not be able to afford elsewhere on our planet.
On the coasts of Antarctica there are research stations that allow you to study the shelves and continent of the Southern Ocean.
Under the ice of Antarctica, archaeologists are conducting their excavations to tell about the past of our planet.