What led to the strengthening and what to the weakening of the power of the papal authority?

His alliances with the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and the kings of Spain and Portugal, as well as, to some extent, with the French king, led to the strengthening of the power of the papal power.

The weakening of the pope’s power is associated with the wars and conflicts that he often waged with the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, with defeats in the East for many other reasons.

The most prominent defeat of the Pope was the Reformation, when many European countries became the owners of their churches. Also weakened the power of the Pope in later times, the prohibitions on the action of the Jesuits.



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