What methods did Europeans use to conquer Asian countries?

What methods did Europeans use to conquer Asian countries? What methods of fighting the penetration of Europeans were used by the rulers of various Asian states?

It was difficult to seize Asian countries by armed means in the 16th-17th centuries, this was started in the 18th and 19th centuries, in the era of the steam fleet and rifled guns, for example, in the 19th century there were three wars between the British and Burma, which led to its conquest in 1823- 1887.
In the 16th century, they took some important cities and used them as strongholds for trade in the region. For example, in 1511 the Portuguese took Malacca, used it as a port for the spice trade, in 1641 it was captured by the Dutch, and in 1795 by the British.
In India, the Portuguese conquered Goa in 1510 and used it as a base for trade in the region and for missionary work.
The second option for penetration was trading posts, for example, the Portuguese in Macau was founded in 1553.
The third are missionaries, they converted the population to Catholicism, but this is among the Portuguese and Spaniards, the Dutch, for example, in the 16th-17th centuries rarely used this.
The rulers of the Asian states fought against the Europeans both by armed means and by isolating the countries, for example, in Japan at the beginning of the 17th century they expelled all Europeans except the Dutch, who were given a small island near Nagasaki.
China pursued a policy of isolation until the outbreak of the Opium Wars in 1840.