What phenomenon accompanied the policy of collectivization in relation to the kulaks?

The collectivization policy pursued by the Soviet leadership in the thirties presupposed the unification of the farms of the poorest and middle peasants into collective farms (collective farms). The kulaks were not taken to the collective farm, but were subject to dispossession. According to the decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) of January 30, 1930, the kulaks were planned to be liquidated as a class. The share of kulaks in peasant farms was about five percent. Collectivization was often carried out in excesses and violent ways. Numerous uprisings of opponents of collectivization in the peasant environment were recorded. The most active kulaks, opponents of collectivization, were shot or sent to concentration camps, and their families referred to special settlements in remote areas of the Far East, Siberia and the Urals. Less wealthy kulaks were exiled within the region. Lands and instruments of production were taken from the repressed. From 1930 to 1931, about two million people were deported.