What plants are gymnosperms? Why are they called that?

1. What plants are gymnosperms? Why are they called that? 2. What are the differences between gymnosperms? 3.Where are pollen and ovules formed in pine? 4. What happens to the pollen? 5. Where do the male gametes form in the pine? 6.How and where does fertilization take place? 7. When do pine seeds ripen? What is pine seed?

1. Gymnosperms – ancient plants that have ovules, but do not form flowers and fruits. Gymnosperms include conifers (pine, spruce), ginkgo (ginkgo biloba), oppressive (ephedra, velvichia), cycad (curled cycad). In gymnosperms, the seeds are outside, from this and their name went.
2. Distinctive features of gymnosperms:
– the ovules are not covered, the seeds lie in the scales of the cones. They can be seen with the naked eye.
– they are mostly evergreens. Leaves in the form of needles, long or short, round or flat, triangular, tetrahedral.
– they are monoecious plants, i.e. in one plant both male and female seed.
3. In pine, pollen develops on the scales of green cones. Ovules develop on reddish cones.
4. Pollen pollinates female cones, penetrates the ovule, then the scales are glued together with resin. This process is called pollination.
5. Male gametes are formed in male cones, male cones are located at the base of the young shoot. They are small, oval, yellow, and form a group.
6. Fertilization takes place in pollinated cones after 12 months. The female bumps turn green and increase in size. This is where the ovum and endosperm are formed. Sperm enter the egg, at which time fertilization takes place. Seeds are formed from the ovule.
7. In pine, seeds ripen one and a half years after fertilization. Seme pines are black in color, have webbed wings.