What prevented modernization in Germany and Italy in the 19th century? How did the unification come about?
| September 9, 2021 | education
Modernization was hampered by the fragmentation of these countries.
The main opponent of the unification was France, led by Napoleon III. But not one of the European countries supported him.
The unification of Italy took place in 1859-1870. A year later – the complete unification of Germany. In both states, there were common features of unification: the collapse of the “Vienna system” and national movements.
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