What processes is associated with the emergence of the mountain systems of the Andes and the Himalayas?

These mountain systems, like many others on our planet, appeared due to the collision of lithospheric (or tectonic) plates. As you know, the earth’s crust is not integral, but is divided into plates that are constantly moving. When they collide, the rock that was at the junction is squeezed upward. Under tremendous pressure, volcanic rock can rise several kilometers and form mountain systems, as happened in the case of the Andes, Himalayas, Cordilleras, etc.