What reactions can be used to distinguish between the following hydrocarbons
What reactions can be used to distinguish between the following hydrocarbons: butane, 1-butene, 1-butyne, 1,3-butadiene?
To determine substances to a certain class of organic compounds in chemistry, it is customary to use qualitative reactions. Qualitative reactions – a reaction with a certain substance as a result of which changes occur, which will make it possible to determine to which class of organic substances this or that unknown substance belongs.
1) Butane is a representative of the class of alkanes, alkanes have no qualitative reactions, therefore they can be detected by the method of exclusion.
2) 1-Butene is a representative of the alkenes class. A qualitative reaction to alkenes is a change in the color of bromine water (interaction with Br2 – discoloration), as well as changes in the color of the solution during the oxidation of alkenes with potassium permanganate (interaction with KMnO4 – discoloration).
3) 1-Butin is a representative of the alkynes class. A qualitative reaction to alkynes is a change in the color of bromine water, a change in the color of the solution during the oxidation of alkynes with potassium permanganate, as well as the precipitation of a white precipitate when interacting with Ag2O and red or, as it is also called, brick when interacting with CuO.
4) Butadiene-1,3 – a representative of the class of diene hydrocarbons, contain two double bonds, as for alkenes, a qualitative reaction – a change in the color of bromine water (interaction with Br2 – discoloration). To distinguish Butadiene-1,3 from other other alkene, a characteristic unpleasant odor will allow.
