What reasons can you explain the slow population growth in Europe in the XVI-XVII centuries?

The number of people in Europe in the Middle Ages declined sharply. There were many wars in Europe in the 15th and 16th centuries. They were mainly directed against competitors. But, for example, in the 17th century in England, the Civil broke out (1645-1651). The fratricidal war claimed many lives. Also at the turn of the century, plague spread across the country. Some infectious diseases were caused by the lack of hygiene among the residents. There were no sewers and no centralized dumps in the cities. Therefore, the garbage outside the windows and on the streets provoked the appearance of rats.