What role did the royal power, monasteries and bishops, noble feudal lords play in the development of the city?

The owner of the city could be a king or a local feudal lord. The wealth of the city meant the income of the ruler. After all, they received a duty for the travel of merchants, taxes on the work of artisans.

Therefore, the development of the city has always been associated with the participation of secular authorities. At the same time, the townspeople had personal freedom and were more prosperous than the peasants attached to the land.

The role of royal power and feudal lords was expressed in the following:

Administration of justice. The trial was conducted on behalf of the ruler. Accordingly, there were judicial institutions in the city, local laws were created;
The authorities patronized the trade. The attraction of merchants played a big role, as they built houses, warehouses, churches. Entire neighborhoods arose from merchant settlements. The merchants brought wealth with them. And the authorities, in turn, promised them protection and a fair trial;
The king set up printing yards in large cities, crafts developed there, technical discoveries were made. The city was a platform for the exchange of technologies, which created conditions for the evolution of society.
In general, the well-being of the king or feudal lord depended on the wealth of the cities. Therefore, they ordered to make roads, build bridges. They fortified the city by inviting architects and engineers.

The role of the church in the development of the city
Cities could be owned by monasteries and bishops. They received income from taxes from the townspeople. Accordingly, their interest in urban development was similar to that of kings and feudal lords.

But the monks created the first universities to educate young people. Such universities were created as places for the study of religion, Scripture. Gradually, various sciences began to develop in cities. Alchemists carried out experiments, giving impetus to the development of chemistry. The gunsmiths were creating new weapons.