What socio-political doctrines are developing in the 19th century? What caused their appearance?

What socio-political doctrines are developing in the 19th century? What caused their appearance? Which of these teachings have proven their vitality in practice?

In the 19th century, various radical theories began to spread, which advocated the overthrow of the current government, for the establishment of new orders, power, or even for the absence of power (anarchy). Also, socialist doctrines began to appear, which were often called utopian. The reason for this was the desire to create egalitarianism, to abolish monetary relations, which was practically impossible to implement in practice.