What spiritual knightly orders appeared in the era of the Crusades, what functions did they perform?

1. Hospitallers. This order was formed in 1099. It was originally created to help those in need and to treat the sick, as well as to protect pilgrims. Later, they invested in science and trade.

2. Templars. Founded in 1199. They wore red crosses on their clothes. Over time, the order became very rich and began to lend money even to monarchs, which led to the death of the order.

3. Teutonic Order. He acted both in the Holy Land and in Eastern Europe, trying to impose the Catholic faith on the local tribes and peoples.