What stages of the relationship between Russia and the Golden Horde in the 13-15th centuries can be distinguished?

The first stage is vassal. It began immediately after the campaigns of Khan Batu, from 1242 to 1245.

The second stage can be considered imperial, since it refers to the period of the existence of a single Mongol empire with the capital in Karakorum and the reign of Alexander Nevsky in Russia. From 1245 to 1263.

The third stage is Basque. Tribute was collected by the Baskaks – Horde officials. From 1263 to 1290.

The fourth stage lasted until the rise of Moscow as a center for collecting tribute and uniting Russian lands, that is, until 1328. The Hanoi of the Golden Horde was then Uzbek, under him the spread of Islam began.

The fifth stage can be counted from the receipt of the label by Ivan Kalita in 1328 and until 1368, it was relatively peaceful, without the Horde raids. The Moscow principality strengthened, in the Golden Horde, on the contrary, from the end of the 1350s, the Troubles and a gradual disintegration began.

The sixth stage lasted from 1368 or from the 1370s to 1434. The payment of tribute was irregular. Sometimes the Russian princes defeated the Horde commanders in major battles, for example, in the Battle of Kulikovo in 1380.

1434-1480 years. The last seventh stage. Payment of tribute. It ended in the 1470s, and the yoke was thrown down after the “Standing on the Ugra” in 1480.