What structural features allow conifers to effectively adapt to adverse environmental conditions?

Conifers have adapted to emergency conditions, growing at more northern latitudes than broadleaf trees. In these plants, the leaves have become narrow, like needles, and because of this, they do not need a lot of water. Their leaves do not fall off in autumn, which allows photosynthesis to be carried out constantly, even in dim winter light. In addition, the narrow shape of the leaves makes them resistant to severe frosts.