What was the structure of the Egyptian state? Who made up the bulk of its population?

Ancient Egypt, like the Ancient Persian state, the city-kingdoms of Sumer and Akkad, Babylon, and so on. – all these states are typical ancient Eastern despotic states, the distinctive features of which are:

the presence of a single domineering, despotic ruler. In Egypt – Pharaoh;
the presence of a ramified bureaucratic apparatus and army;
bloody laws;
the bulk of the population – servants, deprived of their own property and personal rights, working peasants, slaves, artisans.