What was the vassal dependence of Russia on the Golden Horde expressed in?
The Russian principalities paid the Horde a humiliating tribute (exit), the violence of the khan’s tribute collectors (Baskaks) more than once became the cause of popular unrest and the subsequent pacification of the rebellious Russians. The payment of tribute stopped only under Ivan III (the Great) in the 15th century. In addition, the Russian princes were obliged to receive from the hands of the khan the right to the great reign (label), which became one of the reasons for strife and intrigue between the princes. But the conversion of Russia to Islam did not happen: on the contrary, some of the Mongols, even members of noble families, accepted the Orthodox faith, and the Orthodox Church enjoyed a number of benefits (including exemption from taxes).