What was the vassal dependence of the Russian lands on the Golden Horde?

In the middle of the 13th century, Russia fell into a vassal relationship with the Golden Horde. This dependence manifested itself both at the political and economic levels. Firstly, Kievan Rus was forced to pay tribute to the horde every year. Secondly, each prince had to receive a special permission from the khan in the form of a label. Thirdly, the Mongol-Tatars controlled trade routes, in connection with which, it was necessary to obtain special passes in order to conduct trade.



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