What were the disadvantages of the trade routes between East and West, which were used

What were the disadvantages of the trade routes between East and West, which were used by merchants before the Great Geographical Discoveries?

The disadvantages of transporting goods over long distances before the Age of Discovery were enormous. Several trade routes can be distinguished: from northern Europe to Byzantium there was a way “from the Varangians to the Greeks”, and from Italian cities through the Crimea and the territory of the Golden Horde – part of the Great Silk Road. These roads were full of dangers, and the journey could take a long time. Along the way, you could be captured, robbed, or fall out of favor with the ruler of the lands along which the caravan passes. Trade was often carried out through intermediaries.